Fotografía. Taller de cañones de la fábrica de armas de Oviedo.#architecture. Nave of guns of the factory of arms of Oviedo.#Spain. Nº 2
Docomomo Ibérico
Taller de cañones de la fábrica de armas de Oviedo
Emplazado en el margen noreste del recinto de la fábrica, este edificio estaba destinado a la fabricación mecánica de las piezas de cañones para armamento. Con una superficie de 5.184 m2, adopta una planta compartimentada en tres naves adosadas, de idéntica luz y altura, que se desarrollan en alzado por medio de dos niveles superpuestos que corresponden a la planta y el sótano. La iluminación cenital se resuelve mediante un lucernario orientado al norte que facilita la protección de los rayos solares directos. Es de destacar la tecnología constructiva aplicada en la cubierta a partir de forjado de cerámica armada
En 1856 tuvo lugar la centralización de los talleres, escogiéndose el
emplazamiento ocupado por el monasterio de la Vega, que fue derribado
–si bien, algunas piezas arquitectónicas fueron depositadas en el Museo
Arqueológico de Asturias-. Hasta ese momento los maestros armeros habían
trabajado en sus casas o en pequeños talleres, realizando las piezas
que luego se entregaban a la casa-fábrica situada en el citado palacio;
tal mecanismo productivo, de carácter gremial, dio paso, al no poder
satisfacer la demanda, a la creación de un gran taller industrial. Se
abre así una moderna factoría dirigida por Elorza que en 1857 ya posee
talleres de armería y maquinaria impulsada por vapor y da empleo a 700
armeros y 250 obreros auxiliares. La Fábrica de Armas de Oviedo produce
modelos como las carabinas del 57, fusiles del 59 y, a partir de 1870,
los Remington. En 1871 la demanda ocasionada por la Guerra Carlista hace
elevar el número de trabajadores hasta los 1.000 obreros, alcanzando la
producción de 30.000 fusiles y tercerolas. Antes de concluir el siglo
XIX se diversifica la producción con modelos como el fusil Winchester
para la Guardia Civil o el Mauser, arma reglamentaria del ejército. A lo
largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX se le irían agregando a la
fábrica un almacén de madera, un economato y una cooperativa, viviendas
para los encargados, una biblioteca, un museo y una escuela de enseñanza
básica. Asociada a la fábrica se creó una Escuela de Aprendices,
encargada de formar obreros cualificados. El origen de este centro se
retrotrae a 1857, cuando se concluyó que los hijos de los obreros de la
empresa debían tener derecho a trabajar junto a sus padres, a quienes
correspondía adiestrarles en el oficio.
En ( google translate)
Workshop of guns of the factory of arms of Oviedo
Located in the northeast margin of the factory premises, this building was destined to the mechanical manufacture of the pieces of cannons for armament. With an area of 5,184 m2, it adopts a compartmentalized plant in three adjoining naves, of identical light and height, that are developed in elevation by means of two overlapping levels that correspond to the plant and the basement. The overhead lighting is solved by a skylight oriented to the north that facilitates the protection of direct solar rays. Of note is the construction technology applied on the roof from the forged of armed ceramics
Located in the northeast margin of the factory premises, this building was destined to the mechanical manufacture of the pieces of cannons for armament. With an area of 5,184 m2, it adopts a compartmentalized plant in three adjoining naves, of identical light and height, that are developed in elevation by means of two overlapping levels that correspond to the plant and the basement. The overhead lighting is solved by a skylight oriented to the north that facilitates the protection of direct solar rays. Of note is the construction technology applied on the roof from the forged of armed ceramics
In
1856 the workshops were centralized, choosing the site occupied by the
monastery of La Vega, which was demolished - although some architectural
pieces were deposited in the Archaeological Museum of Asturias. Up
until that time the gilded masters had worked in their houses or in
small workshops, making the pieces that were then delivered to the
factory house located in the aforementioned palace; This
productive mechanism, of a trade union character, gave way, not being
able to satisfy the demand, to the creation of a great industrial
workshop. This
opens a modern factory run by Elorza, who in 1857 already owns armories
and steam-powered machinery and employs 700 gunsmiths and 250 auxiliary
workers. The Weapons Factory of Oviedo produces models like the carbines of the 57, rifles of the 59 and, from 1870, the Remingtons. In
1871 the demand caused by the Carlist War raises the number of workers
up to 1,000 workers, reaching the production of 30,000 rifles and
thirds. Before
the end of the nineteenth century, production was diversified with
models such as the Winchester rifle for the Civil Guard or the Mauser, a
statutory weapon of the army. During
the second half of the nineteenth century, a wooden warehouse, a
commissary and a cooperative, houses for managers, a library, a museum
and a basic school were added to the factory. Associated with the factory was created a School of Apprentices, in charge of forming skilled workers. The
origin of this center goes back to 1857, when it was concluded that the
children of the workers of the company should have the right to work
with their parents, who had to train them in the trade.